Emotional intelligence at work is an essential component of workers, either in supervisory or non-supervisory roles. Studies by Bradberry and Greaves (2009) shows the link between emotional quotient (EQ) and job performance such that EQ alone explained 58% of a leader’s job performance, 90% of top performers were high in EQ and Just 20% of low performers were high in EQ. EQ is linked to job performance for employees at all levels, in virtually every industry that is why it was significant to undertake this study. The researchers adopted the emotional processing theory as the main theory behind the research and used both explanatory and descriptive design which resulted in the use of qualitative and quantitative data collected through the use of physical and email administered questionnaires to a population of 44 managers and a sample of 530 employees. Due to research time limitation, the researchers sampled 228 employees from the population respective of the department size, but undertook to involve all 44 managers at the company. The research yielded 47% response rate from employees and 68% response rate from managers and performed analysis using SPSS and particularly multiple regression. The results reveal strong positive relations between emotional intelligence variables and employee performance and that the relationships were significant at 95 confidence level while observing a 5% margin of error. Key Words: Performance, Managers, Emotional, Intelligence, Relationship.

The 2008 to 2011 world recession has its roots in the sub-prime crises. The whole banking industry came in to danger with the threat of a total collapse. The banking system in Botswana had however, no direct link to the subprime assets that triggered the crisis in the advanced economies. The direct exposure of banks in this regard was from their clients, mostly companies which depended heavily on foreign clients. Falling demand for Botswana exports in the international markets exerted severe stress on the balance sheets of many local banks. A case study of Botswana Building Society (BBS) was undertaken to investigate the effects of the recession on the bank’s operation and the banking sector of Botswana. A qualitative research methodology was adopted and interview questions were developed and employed to collect data from BBS staff members, management and customers to ensure that more detailed information on the effects of the recession has been collected and consolidated. The thematic approach was used to analyse the data from the respondents. The information collected provided the basis for conclusions on the effects of the recession on the performance of BBS. The body of the research draws a conclusion that there was a decline in the performance of the bank, with low customer base and hence low profitability. This decline was mainly due to the effects of the economic recession over the period 2008 to 2011. Therefore, it can be concluded from the empirical findings that there is a negative relationship between the economic recession and BBS performance. Key Words: Recession, Banking, Corporate Governance, Financial Crisis, Capital.

There are numerous academic studies on organisational change that are based on research conducted on organisations operating in the private business sector. This study investigated the organisational change strategies adopted by a non-profit pharmaceutical company based in Pinetown, South Africa. The organisation was faced with operational inefficiencies and a declining financial position that prompted the leaders to embark on an organisational change strategy to address the problems. The aim of the study is to investigate how the organisational change strategies have affected employee morale and performance. The findings of the study indicated that three major organisational change strategies were implemented, being structural, behavioural and turnaround strategies. The specific strategies were the restructuring of divisions, sales growth strategy, and organisational culture change. The findings confirm that employee morale has declined since the changes were implemented. The lack of employee participation in the planning of the change strategy, confusion over desired behaviours, lack of role clarity, and high job insecurity, all contributed to this low morale. Performance however has not been negatively affected, as 49% of participants agree that they are making greater effort since the changes were implemented and are still committed to the organisation. Recommendations to management to address the low employee morale include increasing dialogue with employees by allowing them to participate in the planning of future changes. Organisational change affects career plans and progression; therefore management should provide career development support to have a committed workforce. Key Words: Organisational Change, Employee Morale, Operational Inefficiencies, Change Strategies.

This study attempts to investigate health challenge as a factor influencing health insurance purchase in private sector organizations, with special reference to Nigerian Bottling Company Plc as the case study. The study makes use of primary data that was sourced through a well-structured questionnaire. A total of one hundred (100) questionnaires were administered to the selected sample, while ninety five (95) were properly filed and returned. The person product moment correlation coefficient and the t-test were adopted for the data analysis. The result of the analysis shows that there exist a positive relationship between health challenges and health insurance purchase (r = 0.649** N= 95, P < 0.1). In the same line of analysis, the result of the t-test analysis reveal that both health challenges (t = 138.059, p = .000, μ = 4.5912) and health care challenge (t = 141.966, p = .000, μ = 4.5701) are significant at 1% level of significance. It was concluded that there is a significant relationship between health challenges and health insurance purchase and that there is a significant difference between health challenges and health care challenge as a predictor of health insurance purchase. It is recommended among others that health service providers must endeavor to render cutting edge service to their registered members through improving on the quality of drugs and attention to patients. Key Words: Insurance, Health Insurance, Health Challenge, Purchase, Private Sector Organizations.

The aim of the present article is to examine consumer (supporter) -based brand equity in football teams and present a model for consumer-based brand equity in football teams. The data obtained from 446 (315 men,131 women) Galatasaray SK, Fenerbahçe SK, Beşiktaş JK supporter. Dimension numbers that formed supporter-based equity were determined with exploratory factor analysis. Reliability and validity of conceptual structure which compose supporter-based equity was tested with Confirmatory Factor Analysis that is used to test validity and reliability of improved (developed) scales for theory bases measurments. As a result of study, conformity values of proposed model as followed; RMSEA=0.050, SRMR=0.046, χ2/sd=2.117, CFI=0.946, GFI=0.904, AGFI=0.878, NFI=0.903. This results support validity and reliability of eleven-dimensional texture that partaking in research model and compose supporter-based brand equity. In this study, conceptual structure was tested as advised by Ross et al. (2006; 2008) and tackled without awareness magnitude as by Bauer et al. (2008) for measurement of supporter-based brand equity and supporter-based brand equity scale just tested with brand association dimension. It can be said that supporter-based brand equity is comprise of eleven dimension and there is relationship among the dimensions based on findings that obtained from conducted analysis. It is thought that with conducted study the significance contributed to the literature on the related subject with determination of availability of the supporter-based brand scale (was developed for measurment of brand equity in different countries) in Turkey. Key Words: Brand Equity, Brand Associations, Spectator-Based Brand Equity, Football Teams, (Soccer Clubs).

This study examines the mediating effect of Generation Y employees’ emotional intelligence levels on the relationships between their personality characteristics and job satisfaction. Participants were 477 engineers, who completed the Big Five Model of personality, Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale. The results show a significant relationship between Generation Y employees’ emotional intelligence and their job satisfaction. Hierarchical regression analyses reveal that personality characteristics and job satisfaction of Generation Y employees are mediated by their emotional intelligence. The negative relationships between Generation Y employees’ neuroticism and their job satisfaction are fully mediated, whereas the relationships between their being extraverted, conscientious, agreeable and open to experiences and job satisfaction are partially mediated by their emotional intelligence. The findings indicate that organizations should focus more on giving importance to the emotional intelligence of Generation Y employees, which is the underlying effect between their personality characteristics and job satisfaction. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. Key Words: Generation Y, Personality, Emotional Intelligence, Job Satisfaction.

This work presents a theoretical extension to the inventory model EOQ with and without production, representing all variables as crisp and fuzzy quantities. The model is compared against the classical EOQ model with and without production. In this comparison, crisp and fuzzy data were used, and the results and conclusions were contrasted. These representation and reasoning mechanisms enables strategic design for operational decision making in the enterprise, which will make the enterprise a world class company. Key Words: Fuzzy Logic, Inventory, Decision Making, Crisp.

The main objective of this study is to identify the relationship between job stress and employee job satisfaction. The study is conducted in the Nursing Sector of DHQ Hospital of Okara. In this study the job stress is independent variable and employee job satisfaction is dependent variable. In this study we used quantitative research and data is collected through survey. For data collection, questionnaire is used. Sample size consists of 100 nurses of DHQ Hospital of Okara. The data is analysis through SPSS. The result of the study shows that job stress positively impact on employee job satisfaction. Key Words: Job Stress, Employee Job Satisfaction.

This study investigates the structural relationships of cost, activities and size of the organization towards outsource decision in Malaysian hotel industry. Questionnaires that consist of cost, activities, size of the organization and outsource decision were distributed 300 respondents that are department managers in Klang Valley hotels. Findings showed that the significant relationships between cost, activities, size of the organization and outsource decision are confirmed in Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Implications and suggestions for future research are also provided. Key Words: Cost, Activities, Size of the Organization, Outsourcing Decision, Malaysian Hotel Industry, Structural Equation Modelling.

Consumer ethnocentrism is an important factor that has an impact on the purchasing decisions of consumers. Consumers who tend to buy their own domestic products have high ethnocentrism tendencies. The reason for some consumers having tendency of high ethnocentrism has been the subject of many studies. On the other hand, there are many elements related to ethnocentrism. Socio-psychological factors affect ethnocentrism. Socio-psychological factors such as patriotism, collectivism and cultural openness are among the antecedents considered within the scope of this study. The sample size of the study is comprised of 472 individuals. All participants are over the age of 18 and they all reside in Nevşehir. Performed analyses indicate that ethnocentric tendencies of consumers are positively affected by patriotism and collectivism factors, and negatively by the factor of cultural openness. Key Words: Ethnocentrism, Consumer Ethnocentrism, Ethnocentric Tendencies, Socio-Psychological Factors.