This paper which is part of a doctoral study on the application of Results Based Management in Kenya aims at establishing the influence of target setting on performance of civil servants. The study employed both descriptive survey and case study designs. Specifically, an exploratory sequential design was used. Stratified random sampling and purposive technique were employed to arrive at respondents and interview participants respectively. The study found that target setting had a positive influence on the performance of civil servants in Kenya. This suggested that in the presence of well set targets there could be a possibility of improvement of performance and vice versa. It was also found that target setting was the most critical component of RBM and its application faces intractable challenges; it was therefore recommended that the civil service should fully embrace and integrate target setting as it positively influences the performance of civil servants. Key Words: Results Based Management, Target Setting and Performance of Civil Servants.